Does lockdown in the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic increase or reduce noise pollution in urban environment? / O isolamento social durante a pandemia do Sars-Cov-2 aumenta ou diminui a poluição sonora no ambiente urbano?

The pandemic dissemination of Sars-CoV-2 throughout over 100 countries worldwide caused various governments to impose social mobility restriction measures known as "lockdown". This scenario may have, as a side effect, a perception of reduction in noise pollution, that may be supported by assessing the noise impact in public environments of cities undergoing lockdown measures. However, there are reports of higher numbers of complaints to authorities due to noise pollution arising from residential areas, which may indicate, conversely, an increase in noise pollution. Considering these dual facets of the subject is important to any study that wishes to deepen analyses. Noise pollution and its damaging effects on health are of great relevance in the current pandemic scenario, since they may sum themselves to various other stressors that, collectively, jeopardize the mental health of populations in such scenario. This work, based on scientific and press publications made during the period, analyzes and discusses the different facets of this situation that can influence the development of public health policies.

A disseminação pandêmica do Sars-CoV-2 por mais de 100 países em todo mundo fez com que diversos governos decretassem medidas de restrição de mobilidade social conhecidas como "isolamento social". Esse cenário pode ter, como efeito colateral, uma percepção de redução da poluição sonora, que pode ser corroborada pela mensuração do impacto sonoro em ambientes públicos nas cidades submetidas às medidas de isolamento social. Entretanto, há registros de aumentos de queixas às autoridades por poluição sonora advindos de zonas residenciais, o que pode indicar, contrariamente, seu aumento. Considerar essas facetas duais do assunto é importante para qualquer estudo que deseje aprofundar as análises. A poluição sonora e seus efeitos danosos sobre a saúde são de grande relevância no cenário pandêmico atual, pois podem se somar a vários outros estressores que conjuntamente ameaçam a saúde mental de populações nesse cenário. Este trabalho, a partir de publicações científicas e de imprensa feitos durante o período, analisa e coloca em discussão as diferentes facetas dessa conjuntura que podem influenciar na elaboração de políticas públicas em saúde.  

Bone and articular impairment in tuberculosis. An important extrapulmonary involvement: a review

This is a literature review on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of bone tuberculosis (BTB). Full-text papers from 2001 to 2017 were included. After inclusion criteria were met, 23 papers were selected for analysis. Results show that in most cases of BTB, the spine is the main site involved, regardless of the geographical regions analyzed; hip and knee involvement are also frequent. These three sites are the most prevalent, totaling approximately 70 - 80% of infections. The major forms of involvement are tuberculous spondylitis, tuberculous osteomyelitis, primarily in areas of long-bone growth, as well as cases of chronic disease leading to tuberculous arthritis, mainly in endemic areas. The results also indicated that bone involvement is still prevalent, being the fifth cause of extrapulmonary disease involvement in Brazil. This review highlights the role of tuberculosis in public health, especially in economically active groups where BTB is most prevalent